viernes, 10 de septiembre de 2021

Unit 1: The Age of Enlightment

 1) IN THIS LINK you can find some help with our Unit #1


2) Here you can watch a presentation related with Rococo and Neoclassical art, in order to illustrate the main ideas in your book


3) This presentation is really clear and complete, and it actually summarizes the previous two. It is also closely related with our book

















Unit 0: The XVIIth Century

 READ THIS FIRST:


Some students said in the class they have not studied Modern History on the past form, even if it enters in the present curriculum. If this is your case, you will find EXTREMELY USEFUL this post in order to take some base towards our subject this year. As far is it quite hard to understand the 18th Century without a minimal knowledge about the events in the 17th, I urge you to watch this presentation, videos and contents previously than our book in 4th E.S.O.


In this link you have a good presentation about the Unit 0 from our book, focused to the XVIIth Century in Europe, the Hispanic Monarchy and the colonies. 


Here you are the final scene of the Spanish movie "Alatriste", based upon the novels of Arturo Pérez Reverte. This scene is placed on the Battle of Rocroi (1,643), the first defeat of the Spanish Tercios. This battle decided the sign of the Thirty Years War (1,618-48), when Spain lost the European hegemony in favour of France.  






2/3 of this presentation, after the main contents in demography, economy and politics, are focused about the History of art, with many examples from the Baroque in architecture, sculpture and painting throughout Spain and Europe.  
















On the other hand, the previous presentation ignores the English Revolution (actually, at least two different social and political processes) in the XVII th Century. You can learn something about these facts here and here. As usual, all these materials are simple supports to the contents present in our book and explained in the class. 
  




Manifesto of the Consell de Cent (SEP, 11th 1714, BCN)

 











“Ara ojats, se fa saber á tots generalment, de part dels tres Excms. Comuns, pres lo parer dels Senyors de la Junta de Gobern, personas asociadas, nobles, ciutadans y oficials de guerra, que separadament estan impedint lo internarse los enemics en la ciutat; atés que la deplorable infelicitat de esta ciutat, en que avuy resideix la llibertat de tot lo Principal y de toda Espanya, está esposada al ultim extrem, de sujectarse á una entera esclavitud. Notifican, amonestan y exhortan, representant pares de la patria que se afligiesen de la desgracia irreparable que amenaza lo favor e injust encono de las armas gali-spanas, feta séria reflexió del estat en que los enemichs del Rey N.S., de nostra libertat y patria, estant apostats ocupant todas las bretxas, cortaduras, baluarts del Portal Nou, Sta. Clara, Llevant y Sta. Eulalia. Se fa á saber, que si luego, inmediatament de ohit lo present pregó, tots los naturals, habitans y demés gents habils per las armas no se presentan en las plassas de Junqueras, Born y Plassa de Palacio, á de que unidament ab tots los Senyors que representan los Comuns, se poden retxassar los enemichs, fen lo ultim esfors, esperant que Deu misericordias millorará la sort. Se fa també á saber, que essent la esclavitud certa y forzosa, en obligació de sos empleos, explican, declaran y protestan als presents, y donan testimoni als veniders, de que han executat las últimas eshortacions y esforsos, protestant de tots los mals, ruinas y desolacions que sobrevinguen á nostra comuna y afligida patria, y extermini de tots los honors yprivilegis, quedant esclaus amb los demés enganyats espanyols y tots en esclavitud del domini francés; pero com tot se confía, que tots com verdaders fills de la patria, amants de la llibertat, acudirán als llochs senyalats á fi dederramar gloriosament seva sang y vida, per son Rey, per son honor, per la patria y per la llibertat de tota Espanya, y finalment los diu y fan saber, que si despres de una hora de publicat lo pregó, no compareixen gent suficient per ejecutar la ideada empresa, es forsós precis y necessari fer llamada y demanar capitulació als enemics, antes de venir la nit, per no esposar á la mes lamentable ruina de la Ciutat, per no esposarla a un saco general, profanació dels Sants Temples, y sacrifici de noys, donas y personas religiosas.
Y pera que á tots sia generalment notori, que ab veu alta, clara e intelligible sia publicat per tots los carrers de la present ciutat. Donat en la casa del la Excma. Ciutat, residint en lo portal de S. Antoni, presents los dits senyors Excms. Y personas asociadas, a 11 de Setembre, á las 3 de l 
tarde, de 1714”.



II. EL TEXTO DEL MANIFIESTO TRADUCIDO AL ESPAÑOL
Ahora oíd, se hace saber a todos generalmente, de parte de los Tres Excelentísimos Comunes, tomado el parecer de los Señores de la Junta de Gobierno, personas asociadas, nobles, ciudadanos y oficiales de guerra, que separadamente están impidiendo que los enemigos se internen en la ciudad; atendiendo que la deplorable infelicidad de esta ciudad, en la que hoy reside la libertad de todo el Principado y de toda España, está expuesta al último extremo, de someterse a una entera esclavitud. Notifican, amonestan y exhortan, representando a Padres de la Patria que se afligen de la desgracia irreparable que amenaza el favor e injusto encono de las armas galo-hispanas, hecha seria reflexión del estado en que los enemigos del Rey N.S., de nuestra libertad y Patria, están apostados ocupando todas las brechas, cortaduras, baluartes del Portal Nou, Sta. Clara, Llevant y Sta. Eulalia. Se hace saber, que si luego, inmediatamente de oído el presente pregón, todos los naturales, habitantes y demás gentes hábiles para las armas no se presentan en las plazas de Junqueras, Born y Plaza de Palacio, para que unidamente con todos los Señores que representan los Comunes, se puedan rechazar los enemigos, haciendo el último esfuerzo, esperando que Dios misericordioso, mejorará la suerte. Se hace también saber, que siendo la esclavitud cierta y forzosa, en obligación de sus cargos, explican, declaran y protestan a los presentes, y dan testimonio a los venideros, de que han ejecutado las últimas exhortaciones y esfuerzos, protestando de todos los males, ruinas y desolaciones que sobrevengan a nuestra común y afligida Patria, y exterminio todos los honores yprivilegios, quedando esclavos con los demás españoles engañados y todos en esclavitud del dominio francés; pero, con todo, se confía, que todos como verdaderos hijos de la Patria, amantes de la Libertad, acudirán a los lugares señalados a fin de derramar gloriosamente su sangre y vida por su Rey, por su honor, por la Patria y por la libertad de toda España, y finalmente dicen y hacen saber, que si después de una hora de publicado el pregón, no comparece gente suficiente para ejecutar la ideada empresa, es forzoso, preciso y necesario hacer llamada y pedir capitulación a los enemigos, antes de llegar la noche, para no exponer a la más lamentable ruina de la Ciudad, para no exponerla a un saqueo general, profanación de los Santos Templos, y sacrificio de niños, mujeres y personas religiosas.
Y para que a todos sea generalmente notorio, que con voz alta, clara e inteligible sea publicado por todas las calles de la presente ciudad.
Dado en la casa de la Excelentísima Ciudad, residiendo en el Portal de S. Antonio, presentes los mencionados Excelentísimos Señores y personas asociadas, a 11 de Septiembre, a las 3 de la tarde, de 1714

Commentary of a historical text: the First "Nueva Planta" Decree

 Here you will find a solved commentary of a historical text: in this case, it is one of the Decretos de Nueva Planta, the base for the new "Reformismo" brought to Spain by the new Bourbon Dynasty, following the French political model. 


Read the text and also the commentary (already developed). It will be a good model for your future commentaries and activities. 

You can read the commentary HERE



Videos about Spanish XVIIth & XVIIIth centuries

 You can see here some videos that acts as a kind of summary of the Spanish History in the XVIIth Century and the early XVIII, the final chapter in our History class for this year.



The first video is about the History of Spain in the XVIIth Century, under the  rule of the three "Austrias Menores", the last of the Spanish Habsburgs:











    The second video is about the Spanish Succession War (1,700-1,713/14), a big turning point in the History of Spain and all Europe and the colonies. 









The last video is about the new policy implemented by the new Dynasty on the Spanish throne: the Bourbons. This policy, developed through the "Decretos de Nueva Planta" is known as the "Reformismo Borbónico". Characterized by the rising of the centralization, efficience and the absolute Monarchy following the French model, it will be present for all the XVIIIth Century. 


                  

                           

Notebook 2021-22




 

Criterios de evaluación curso 2021-22






 

viernes, 2 de junio de 2017

U12: Transition and Democratic Spain

1) We can prepare this unit with the help of THIS presentation. Notice it has attached some links to videos, songs, documents, etc...

2) Video of the coup d´etat of 23F

3) Here you can watch one PPoint with some basic data about the Comunidad de Madrid as an autonomous community, inside the regions set by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 



viernes, 27 de enero de 2017

Unit 5: Imperialism and the First World War (1870-1918)

This unit covers a lot of different subjects, so we will study them separately. 


1) Let´s start with the International Relationships in the period (1870-1914), in addition of the II Industrial Revolution. You can support our classes and information in our book with THIS PRESENTATION 


2) You will understand much better many aspects of the II Industrial Revolution by watching this VIDEO. It is a fragment from the film "Modern times" (1936), by Charles Chaplin. 

3) Presentation in Power Point about IMPERIALISM 

4) Video about European imperialism in Africa (4 minutes)

5) Video: human zoos in Europe

Battle British "red jackets" vs Zulus in South Africa: Scene of the film "Zulu" (1964) 

5) Battle French colonial troops vs Berber bedouins: film "March or die"

6) Power Point about World War I

7) The Trench War: scene from the film "Gallipolli" 

8) The aims of Modernism

9) Modernism in architecture

10) Impresionism and Post-Impresionism

11) Avantgarde movements in the XXth century













miércoles, 25 de enero de 2017

Mandatory reading: SOLMSSEN, A.R.G. "A princess in Berlin"

As a compulsory activity for our course, you have to read a book in English related with the subject, and to present some activities (the teacher will indicate which ones, in the class) BEFORE THE DEADLINE OF MAY, 30th. 

You can read the book (full text) in this LINK 

The book it is a brilliant novel about the Republic of Weimar in Germany (1919-33), and the rise of the National-Socialist party in those dramatic historical moments. 





lunes, 28 de noviembre de 2016

Unit 4: Spain in the XIXth Century

On our unit #4 we will study Spain in the XIXth Century. Our country starts the period as an Absolute Monarchy and in this century a new Liberal State is going to be built. You can watch a presentation about the topic HERE. 


You can watch HERE a preentation about the Spanish big master Francisco de Goya y Lucientes

You can watch HERE some Romantic and Realist artworks in Spain


















miércoles, 23 de noviembre de 2016

Industrialization process: sources for the worker movement






MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY:

(This is a fragment; you have the full text HERE)



"PREAMBLE:

A spectre is haunting Europe — the spectre of Communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Tsar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies. (…)


Chapter I. Bourgeois and Proletarians

The history of all hitherto existing society (2) is the history of class struggles.

Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master(3) and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.

In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.

The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.

Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinct feature: it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other — Bourgeoisie and Proletariat (…)

Modern industry has established the world market (…)

The need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the entire surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connexions everywhere. (…)


Modern Industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist. Masses of labourers, crowded into the factory, are organised like soldiers. As privates of the industrial army they are placed under the command of a perfect hierarchy of officers and sergeants. Not only are they slaves of the bourgeois class, and of the bourgeois State; they are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker, and, above all, by the individual bourgeois manufacturer himself. The more openly this despotism proclaims gain to be its end and aim, the more petty, the more hateful and the more embittering it is."




Marxism, Freedom and the State

I am a passionate seeker after Truth and a not less passionate enemy of the malignant fictions used by the “Party of Order”, the official representatives of all turpitudes, religious, metaphysical, political, judicial, economic, and social, present and past, to brutalise and enslave the world; I am a fanatical lover of Liberty; considering it as the only medium in which can develop intelligence, dignity, and the happiness of man; not official “Liberty”, licensed, measured and regulated by the State, a falsehood representing the privileges of a few resting on the slavery of everybody else; not the individual liberty, selfish, mean, and fictitious advanced by the school of Rousseau and all other schools of bourgeois Liberalism, which considers the rights of the individual as limited by the rights of the State, and therefore necessarily results in the reduction of the rights of the individual to zero.

I am a convinced upholder of economic and social equality, because I know that, without that equality, liberty, justice, human dignity, morality, and the well-being of individuals as well as the prosperity of nations will never be anything else than so many lies. But as upholder in all circumstances of liberty, that first condition of humanity, I think that liberty must establish itself in the world by the spontaneous organisation of labour and of collective ownership by productive associations freely organised and federalised in districts, and by the equally spontaneous federation of districts, but not by the supreme and tutelary action of the State.

There is the point which principally divides the Revolutionary Socialists or Collectivists from the Authoritarian Communists, who are upholders of the absolute initiative of the State. Their goal is the same; each party desires equally the creation of a new social order founded only on the organisation of collective labour, inevitably imposed on each and everyone by the very force of things, equal economic conditions for all, and the collective appropriation of the instruments of labour. Only the Communists imagine that they will be able to get there by the development and organisation of the political power of the working-classes, and principally of the proletariat of the towns, by the help of the bourgeois Radicalism, whilst the Revolutionary Socialists, enemies of all equivocal combinations and alliances, think on the contrary that they cannot reach this goal except by the development and organisation, not of the political but of the social and consequently anti-political power of the working masses of town and country alike, including all favourably disposed persons of the upper classes, who, breaking completely with their past, would be willing to join them and fully accept their programme. (…)


Hence, two different methods. The Communists believe they must organise the workers’ forces to take possession of the political power of the State. The Revolutionary Socialists organise with a view to the destruction, or if you prefer a politer word, the liquidation of the State. The Communists are the upholders of the principle and practice of, authority, the Revolutionary Socialists have confidence only in liberty. Both equally supporters of that science which must kill superstition and replace faith, the former would wish to impose it; the latter will exert themselves to propagate it so that groups of human beings, convinced, will organise themselves and will federate spontaneously, freely, from below upwards, by their own movement and conformably to their real interests, but never after a plan traced in advance and imposed on the “ignorant masses” by some superior intellects.

jueves, 10 de noviembre de 2016

Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution

In THIS presentation you will find many resources related with the I Industrial Revolution (1780-1850 aprox.), the second most important technological jump forward in the History of Mankind 



































martes, 18 de octubre de 2016

Unit 2: Age of Revolution (I): Independence of the U.S.A. and French Revolution

Here you can watch a presentation about the first part of our unit #2 "The Age of Revolution". More accurately, it is focused to the Independence of the U.S.A. and the French Revolution, including the Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte.


This second presentation is focused to the Restoration and the liberal revolutions in Europe in the first half of the 19th Century. At the end, it also talks about the national processes in Germany and Italy, among others.